The moment of inertia (second moment of area) of a circular hollow section, around any axis passing through its centroid, is given by the following expression: The total circumferences (inner and outer combined) is then found with the formula: Its circumferences, outer and inner, can be found from the respective circumferences of the outer and inner circles of the tubular section. Where D_i=D-2t the inner, hollow area diameter. In terms of tube diameters, the above formula is equivalent to: Where R_i=R-t the inner, hollow area radius. The area A of a circular hollow cross-section, having radius R, and wall thickness t, can be found with the next formula:
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